Description
Understanding the nonequilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems remains one of the grand
challenges of modern physics. In particular, increasing attention has been devoted to the emergence of
nonequilibrium universality classes that have no equilibrium counterparts. A prominent example is the Kardar-
Parisi-Zhang universality class realized in dissipative Bose-Einstein condensates. In this Letter, motivated by
recent experimental advances, we investigate the universal dynamics of dissipative quantum systems with dipole
symmetry. We develop an effective-field-theory description, supported by a concrete quantum spin model, to
capture the resulting universal behaviors. Our analysis unveils a novel strongly interacting nonequilibrium fixed
point that governs the equal-time phase fluctuations in systems with either strong or weak dipole symmetries.
Moreover, charge transport becomes subdiffusive in the presence of strong dipole symmetry, while it remains
diffusive in the weakly symmetric case. Our results reveal the intricate interplay between kinetic constraints and
dissipation in quantum many-body systems.
